m2wsgi

m2wsgi is a Python module that provides a WSGI gateway handler for the Mongrel2 web server, allowing easy deployment of Python apps on Mongrel2. You might also find its supporting classes useful for developing non-WSGI handlers in Python.

Command-line usage

The simplest way to use this package is as a command-line launcher:

python -m m2wsgi dotted.app.name tcp://127.0.0.1:9999

This will connect to Mongrel2 on the specified request port and start handling requests by passing them through the specified WSGI app. By default you will get a single worker thread handling all requests; increase the number of threads like so:

python -m m2wsgi --num-threads=5 dotted.app.name tcp://127.0.0.1:9999

Or if threads aren't your thing, use eventlet to shuffle the bits around like so:

python -m m2wsgi --io=eventlet dotted.app.name tcp://127.0.0.1:9999

I'm interested in adding support for other IO modules such as gevent; contributions welcome.

Programmatic Usage

If you have more complicated needs, you can use m2wsgi from within your application. The main class is 'WSGIHandler' which provides a simple server interface. The equivalent of the above command-line usage is:

from m2wsgi.base import WSGIHandler
handler = WSGIHandler(my_wsgi_app,"tcp://127.0.0.1:9999")
handler.serve()

For finer control over the connection between your handler and Mongrel2, create your own Connection object:

from m2wsgi.base import WSGIHandler, Connection
conn = Connection(send_spec="tcp://127.0.0.1:9999",
 recv_spec="tcp://127.0.0.1:9999",
 send_ident="9a5eee79-dbd5-4f33-8fd0-69b304c6035a")
handler = WSGIHandler(my_wsgi_app,conn)
handler.serve()

Don't we already have one of these?

Several actually:

 * https://github.com/berry/Mongrel2-WSGI-Handler
 * https://bitbucket.org/dholth/mongrel2_wsgi

None of them fully met my needs. In particular, this package has transparent support for:

 * chunked response encoding
 * "async upload" of large request bodies
 * pluggable IO backends (e.g. eventlet, gevent)

It's also designed from the ground up specifically for Mongrel2. This means it gets a lot of functionality for free, and the code is simpler and lighter as a result.

For example, there is no explicit management of a threadpool and request queue as you might find in e.g. the CherryPy server. Instead, you just start up as many threads as you need, have them all connect to the same handler socket, and mongrel2 (via zmq) will automatically load-balance the requests to them.

Similarly, there's no explicit support for reloading when the code changes. Just kill the old handler and start up a new one. If you're using fixed handler UUIDs then zmq will ensure that the handover happens gracefully.

Requirements:

• Python

Limitations:

• When running multiple threads, ctrl-C doesn't cleanly exit the process. Seems like the background threads get stuck in a blocking recv().
• The zmq load-balancing algorithm is greedy round-robin, which isn't ideal. For example, it can schedule several fast requests to the same thread as a slow one, making them wait even if other threads become available. I'm working on a zmq adapter that can do something better.